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A name in Italian consists of a given name (''nome'') and a surname (''cognome''). Surnames are normally written after given names. In official documents, the surname may be written before given names. In speech, the use of given name before family name is standard in an educated style, but, due to bureaucratic influence, the opposite was common (but now it's deprecated). Italian names, with their fixed ''nome'' + ''cognome'' structure, have little to do with the ancient Roman naming conventions, which used a tripartite system of given name + gentile name + hereditary or personal name or names. E.g., the Italian ''nome'' is not analogous to the ancient Roman ''nomen'', since the former is the given name (distinct between siblings), while the latter the gentile name (inherited, thus shared by all belonging to a gens). Female name giving tradition and name changing rules after adoption for both sexes also differ between Roman antiquity and modern Italian use. Moreover, the low number and steady decline of importance and variety of Roman ''praenomina'' is in stark contrast with the current number of Italian given names.〔Oxford Classical Dictionary, 2nd Ed. (1970)〕〔(Burgio, ''Dizionario dei nomi propri di persona'', ISBN 88-7938-013-3 )〕 ==Given names== Many Italian male given names : * end in ''-o'' for example : ''Alberto'', ''Alessio'', ''Alessandro'', ''Angelo'', ''Anselmo'', ''Antonio'', ''Arrigo'', ''Benito'', ''Bernardo'', ''Carlo'', ''Ciro'', ''Claudio'', ''Dario'', ''Diego'', ''Enrico'', ''Enzo'', ''Eugenio'', ''Fabrizio'', ''Filippo'', ''Federico'', ''Francesco'', ''Franco'', ''Fulvio'', ''Gaetano'', ''Gennaro'', ''Giorgio'', ''Giuliano'', ''Gregorio'', ''Marco'', ''Mario'', ''Massimo'', ''Maurizio'', ''Mauro'', ''Nevio'', ''Norberto'', ''Paolo'', ''Pietro'', ''Riccardo'', ''Roberto'', ''Silvio'', ''Stefano'', ''Tommaso'', ''Umberto'', ''Vittorio'', etc. * Beside that can also end in ''-e'' (for example ''Achille'', ''Aimone'', ''Alceste'', ''Alcide'', ''Amilcare'', ''Amintore'', ''Annibale'', ''Aristotele'', ''Astorre'', ''Baldassare'', ''Beppe'', ''Carmine'', ''Cesare'', ''Clemente'', ''Daniele'', ''Dante'', ''Davide'', ''Emanuele'', ''Ercole'', ''Ettore'', ''Felice'', ''Gabriele'', ''Gaspare'', ''Gastone'', ''Gentile'', ''Giosuè'', ''Giuseppe'', ''Leone'', ''Melchiorre'', ''Michele'', ''Oddone'', ''Ottone'', ''Pasquale'', ''Raffaele'', ''Salomone'', ''Salvatore'', ''Samuele'', ''Sante'', ''Scipione'', ''Simone'', ''Ulisse'', ''Vitale'', ''Vittore''), etc. * end in ''-i'' (for example ''Dionigi'', ''Gianni'', ''Giovanni'', ''Luigi'', ''Nanni'', ''Ranieri''). etc. And in ''-a'' (for example ''Andrea'', ''Battista'', ''Elia'', ''Enea'', ''Evangelista'', ''Luca'', ''Mattia'' or ''Nicola''). Some names, usually of foreign origin, end with a consonant, such as ''Christian/Cristian/Christiano'', ''Igor'', ''Ivan'', ''Loris'', ''Oscar'' and ''Walter''/''Valter''. Female names : * Commonly end in ''-a'' : ''Adriana'', ''Angela'', ''Antonia'', ''Berta'',''Bettina'', ''Carla'', ''Corina'', ''Diana'', ''Elena'', ''Eugenia'', ''Fabrizia'', ''Federica'', ''Francesca'', ''Gabriela'', ''Gianna'', ''Giovanna'', ''Giuliana'', ''Giuseppina'', ''Ira'', ''Lorena'', ''Loretta'', ''Lucia'', ''Luciana'','Maddalena'', ''Maria'', ''Olivia'', ''Ornella'', ''Paola'', ''Patrizia'', ''Petronella'', ''Roberta'', ''Simona'', ''Silvia'', ''Sofia'', ''Sonia'', ''Tommasa'', ''Vittoria'', ''Viviana'', ''Zelda'', etc. * Can also end in ''-e'', as is the case with ''Adelaide'', ''Adele'', ''Agnese'', ''Alice'', ''Beatrice'', ''Berenice'', ''Geltrude'', ''Irene'', ''Matilde'' and ''Rachele'' for example. * End in ''-i'' (for example ''Noemi''), or even with a consonant (usually of foreign origin, such as ''Nives'', ''Ester''). A few names end with an accented vowel, for instance Niccolò and Giosuè. Almost every base name can have a diminutive form ending with -ino/-ina or -etto/etta as in Paolino/Paoletto and Paolina/Paoletta from Paolo and Paola, -ello/-ella, as in Donatello/Donatella from Donato and Donata, or -uccio/-uccia, as in Guiduccio from Guido. The forms -uzzo/-uzza, as in Santuzza from Santa, are typical of Sicilian language. The most common names are:〔(Paginebianche.it | Facciamo Nomi e Cognomi )〕〔(I nomi più comuni in Italia )〕 * For males: Marco, Giuseppe, Antonio, Luca, Alessandro, Giovanni, Roberto, Andrea, Stefano, Francesco, Mario, Luigi. * For females: Anna, Maria, Sara, Laura, Valentina, Giulia, Rosa, Giuseppina, Angela, Giovanna. Since the ancient Romans had a very limited stock of given names (''praenomina''), very few modern Italian given names (''nomi'') are derived directly from the classical ones. A rare example would be ''Marco'' (from Marcus), ''Matteo'' (from Mattheus), ''Mattia'' (from Mattias), ''Luca'' (from Lucas), ''Anselmo'' (from Anselmus). Some ''nomi'' were taken from classical clan names (''nomina'')—for their meanings or because they are euphonic, such as Emilio/Emilia (from Aemilius), Valerio/Valeria (from Valerius), Claudio/Claudia (from Claudius), Orazio (from Horatius), and Fabio (from the ''cognomen'' Fabius), Flavio/Flavia (from Flavius), Fulvio from Fulvius, . When combined with a second given name, ''Giovanni'' and ''Pietro'' are commonly contracted to ''Gian–'' and ''Pier–'', as in ''Gianfranco, Gianluca, Gianluigi, Gianmaria, Giampaolo (Gianpaolo), Giampiero (Gianpiero), '' ''Pierangelo, Pierantonio, Pierfranco, Pierluigi, Piermaria, Pierpaolo, '' and so on. Italian unisex names are very rare (e.g. ''Celeste''), but the feminine name ''Maria'' is common as a masculine second name, as in ''Gianmaria, Carlo Maria, Anton Maria'' etc. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Italian name」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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